详解Java图形化编程中的鼠标事件设计

前端技术 2023/09/03 Java

鼠标事件的事件源往往与容器相关,当鼠标进入容器、离开容器,或者在容器中单击鼠标、拖动鼠标时都会发生鼠标事件。java语言为处理鼠标事件提供两个接口:MouseListener,MouseMotionListener接口。
MouseListener接口

MouseListener接口能处理5种鼠标事件:按下鼠标,释放鼠标,点击鼠标、鼠标进入、鼠标退出。相应的方法有:
(1) getX():鼠标的X坐标
(2) getY():鼠标的Y坐标
(3) getModifiers():获取鼠标的左键或右键。
(4) getClickCount():鼠标被点击的次数。
(5) getSource():获取发生鼠标的事件源。
(6) addMouseListener(监视器):加放监视器。
(7) removeMouseListener(监视器):移去监视器。

要实现的MouseListener接口的方法有:
(1) mousePressed(MouseEvent e);
(2) mouseReleased(MouseEvent e);
(3) mouseEntered(MouseEvent e);
(4) mouseExited(MouseEvent e);
(5) mouseClicked(MouseEvent e);

【例】小应用程序设置了一个文本区,用于记录一系列鼠标事件。当鼠标进入小应用程序窗口时,文本区显示“鼠标进来”;当鼠标离开 窗口时,文本区显示“鼠标走开”;当鼠标被按下时,文本区显示“鼠标按下”,当鼠标被双击时,文本区显示“鼠标双击”;并显示鼠标的坐标。程序还显示一个红色的圆,当点击鼠标时,圆的半径会不断地变大。

import java.applet.*;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
class MyPanel extends JPanel{
  public void print(int r){
    Graphics g = getGraphics();
    g.clearRect(0,0,this.getWidth(),this.getHeight());
    g.setColor(Color.red);
    g.fillOval(10,10,r,r);
  }
}
class MyWindow extends JFrame implements MouseListener{
  JTextArea text;
  MyPanel panel;
  int x,y,r =10;
  int mouseFlg=0;
  static String mouseStates[]={\"鼠标键按下\",\"鼠标松开\",\"鼠标进来\",\"鼠标走开\",\"鼠标双击\"};
  MyWindow(String s){
    super(s);
    Container con = this.getContentPane();
    con.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,1));
    this.setSize(200,300);
    this.setLocation(100,100);
    panel = new MyPanel();
    con.add(panel);
    text = new JTextArea(10,20);
    text.setBackground(Color.blue);
    con.add(text);
    addMouseListener(this);
    this.setVisible(true);
    this.pack();
  }
  public void paint(Graphics g){
    r = r+4;
    if(r>80){
      r=10;
    }
    text.append(mouseStates[mouseFlg]+\"了,位置是:\" +x+\",\"+y+\"\\n\");
    panel.print(r);
  }
  public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e){
    x = e.getX();
    y = e.getY();
    mouseFlg = 0;
    repaint();
  }
  public void mouseRelease(MouseEvent e){
    x = e.getX();
    y = e.getY();
    mouseFlg = 1;
    repaint();
  }
  public void mouseEntered(MouseEvent e){
    x = e.getX();
    y = e.getY();
    mouseFlg = 2;
    repaint();
  }
  public void mouseExited(MouseEvent e){
    x = e.getX();
    y = e.getY();
    mouseFlg = 3;
    repaint();
  }
  public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent e){
    if(e.getClickCount()==2){
      x = e.getX();
      y = e.getY();
      mouseFlg = 4;
      repaint();
    }
    else{}
  }
}
public class Example6_8 extends Applet{
  public void init(){
    MyWindow myWnd = new MyWindow(\"鼠标事件示意程序\");
  }
}

任何组件上都可以发生鼠标事件:鼠标进入、鼠标退出、按下鼠标等。例如,在上述程序中添加一个按钮,并给按钮对象添加鼠标监视器,将上述程序中的init()方法修改成如下形式,即能示意按钮上的所有鼠标事件。

JButton button;
public void init(){
  button = new JButton(“按钮也能发生鼠标事件”);
  r = 10;
  text = new JTextArea(15,20);
  add(button);
  add(text);
  button.addMouseListener(this);
}

如果程序希望进一步知道按下或点击的是鼠标左键或右键,鼠标的左键或右键可用InputEvent类中的常量BUTTON1_MASK和BUTTON3_MASK来判定。例如,以下表达式判断是否按下或点击了鼠标右键:

  e.getModifiers()==InputEvent. BUTTON3_MASK


MouseMotionListener接口

MouseMotionListener接口处理拖动鼠标和鼠标移动两种事件。

注册监视器的方法是:
    addMouseMotionListener(监视器)
要实现的的接口方法有两个:
(1) mouseDragged(MouseEvent e)
(2) mouseMoved(MouseEvent e)

【例】一个滚动条与显示窗口同步变化的应用程序。窗口有一个方块,用鼠标拖运方块,或用鼠标点击窗口,方块改变显示位置,相应水平和垂直滚动条的滑块也会改变它们在滚动条中的位置。反之,移动滚动条的滑块,方块在窗口中的显示位置也会改变。

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
class MyWindow extends JFrame{
  public MyWindow(String s){
    super(s);
    Container con = this.getContentPane();
    con.setLayout(new BorderLayout());
    this.setLocation(100,100);
    JScrollBar xAxis = new JScrollBar(JScrollBar.HORIZONTAL,50,1,0,100);
    jScrollBar yAxis = new jScrollBar(JScrollBar.VERTICAL,50,1,0,100);
    MyListener listener = new MyListener(xAxis,yAxis,238,118);
    Jpanel scrolledCanvas = new JPanel();
    scrolledCanvas.setLayout(new BorderLayout());
    scrolledCanvas.add(listener,BorderLayout.CENTER);
    scrolledCanvas.add(xAix,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
    scrolledCanvas.add(yAix,BorderLayout.EAST);
    con.add(scrolledCanvas,BorderLayout.NORTH);
    this.setVisible(true);
    this.pack();
  }
  public Dimension getPreferredSize(){
    return new Dimension(500,300);
  }
}
class MyListener extends JComponent implements MouseListener, MouseMotionListener,AdjustmentListener{
  private int x,y;
  private JScrollBar xScrollBar;
  private JScrollBar yScrollBar;
  private void updateScrollBars(int x,int y){
    int d;
    d = (int)(((float)x/(float)getSize().width)*100.0);
    xScrollBar.setValue(d);
    d = (int)(((float)y/(float)getSize().height)*100.0);
    yScrollBar.setValue(d);
  }
  public MyListener(JScrollBar xaxis,JScrollBar yaxis,int x0,int y0){
    xScrollBar =xaxis;
    yScrollBar =yaxis;
    x = x0;
    y=y0;
    xScrollBar.addAdjustmentListener(this);
    yScrollBar.addAdjustmentListener(this);
    this.addMouseListener(this);
    this.addMouseMotionListener(this);
  }
  public void paint(Graphics g){
    g.setColor(getBackground());
    Dimension size = getSize();
    g.fillRect(0,0,size.width,size.height);
    g.setColor(Color.blue);
    g.fillRect(x,y,50,50);
  }
  public void mouseEntered(MouseEvent e){}
  public void mouseExited(MouseEvent e){}
  public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent e){}
  public void mouseRelease(MouseEvent e){}
  public void mouseMoved(MouseEvent e){}
  public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e){
    x = e.getX();
    y = e.getY();
    updateScrollBars(x,y);
    repaint();
  }
  public void mouseDragged(MouseEvent e){
    x = e.getX();
    y = e.getY();
    updateScrollBars(x,y);
    repaint();
  }
  public void adjustmentValueChanged(AdjustmentEvent e){
    if(e.getSource()==xScrollBar)
      x=(int)((float)(xScrollBar.getValue()/100.0)*getSize().width);
    else if(e.getSource()==yScrollBar)
      y = (int)((float)(yScrollBar.getValue()/100.0)*getSize().height);
    repaint();
  }
}
public class Example6_9{
  public static void main(){
    MyWindow myWindow = new MyWindow(\"滚动条示意程序\");
  }
}

上述例子中,如果只要求通过滑动滑块,改变内容的显示位置,可以简单地使用滚动面板JScrollPane。如果是这样,关于滚动条的创建和控制都可以免去,直接由JScrollPane内部实现。参见以下修改后的MyWindow的定义:

class MyWindow extends JFrame{
  public MyWindow(String s){
    super(s);
    Container con = this.getContentPane();
    con.setLayout(new BorderLayout());
    this.setLocaltion(100,100);
    MyListener listener = new MyListener();
    listener.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(700,700));
    JScrollPane scrolledCanvas = new JScrollPane(listener);
    this.add(scrolledCanvas,BorderLayout.CENTER);
    this.setVisible(true);
    this.pack();
  }
  public Dimension getPreferredSize(){
    return new Dimension(400,400);
  }
}

鼠标指针形状也能由程序控制 ,setCursor()方法能设置鼠标指针形状。例如,代码setCursor(Cursor.getPredefinedCursor(cursor.WAIT_CURSOR))。

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