Java环境中MyBatis与Spring或Spring MVC框架的集成方法

前端技术 2023/09/03 Java

与Spring3集成
Spring作为基础框架，可以集成后端框架，如Hibernate，MyBatis等。

前面是介绍单独使用MyBatis的，大致逻辑是：
sqlSessionFactory <- configuration file (包括数据库连接配置)
IXxxMapper <- sqlSession <- sqlSessionFactory
                     <- mapper interface <- mapper xml
得到IxxMapper后，就可以调用其方法进行数据交互了。

和Spring集成时，上面的这些对象需要作为bean来管理：
dataSource bean <- 数据库连接配置
sqlSessionFactory bean <- dataSource
                                     <- configuration file
userMapper bean <- sqlSessionFactory
                          <- mapper interface
1. 在pom.xml中加入依赖： 

<properties> 
 <mybatis.spring.version>1.2.1</mybatis.spring.version> 
 <dbcp.version>1.4</dbcp.version> 
 <spring.version>3.1.2.RELEASE</spring.version> 
</properties> 
 
<dependencies> 
 <dependency><!-- mybatis的几个对象包装成spring的bean --> 
  <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId> 
  <artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId> 
  <version>${mybatis.spring.version}</version> 
 </dependency> 
 <dependency><!-- spring上下文用spring-jdbc连接数据库 --> 
  <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> 
  <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId> 
  <version>${spring.version}</version> 
 </dependency> 
 <dependency><!-- dataSource是BasicDataSource的实例 --> 
  <groupId>commons-dbcp</groupId> 
  <artifactId>commons-dbcp</artifactId> 
  <version>${dbcp.version}</version> 
 </dependency> 
 <dependency> 
  <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> 
  <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId> 
  <version>${spring.version}</version> 
 </dependency> 
</dependencies>

2. 在类路径下创建beans-da.xml文件： 

<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?> 
<beans xmlns=\"http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans\" 
 xmlns:xsi=\"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance\" 
 xsi:schemaLocation=\"http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd\"> 
 
 <bean id=\"dataSource\" class=\"org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource\"><!-- 数据库连接bean --> 
  <property name=\"driverClassName\" value=\"com.mysql.jdbc.Driver\" /> 
  <property name=\"url\" value=\"jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/hbatis?characterEncoding=utf8\" /> 
  <property name=\"username\" value=\"root\" /> 
  <property name=\"password\" value=\"123456\" /> 
 </bean> 
  
 <bean id=\"sqlSessionFactory\" class=\"org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean\"><!-- sqlSessionFactory bean --> 
  <property name=\"dataSource\" ref=\"dataSource\" /><!-- 数据源 --> 
  <property name=\"configLocation\" value=\"classpath:Configuration.xml\" /><!-- 配置文件 --> 
 </bean> 
  
 <bean id=\"userMapper\" class=\"org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperFactoryBean\"><!-- user映射bean--> 
  <property name=\"sqlSessionFactory\" ref=\"sqlSessionFactory\" /> 
  <property name=\"mapperInterface\" value=\"com.john.hbatis.mapper.IUserMapper\" /><!-- 映射接口 --> 
 </bean> 
</beans>

3. 测试类： 

@ContextConfiguration(locations = { \"classpath:beans-da.xml\" }) 
public class SpringIntegrationTest extends AbstractTestNGSpringContextTests { 
  private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(SpringIntegrationTest.class); 
   
  @Resource 
  IUserMapper mapper; 
   
  @Test 
  public void queryTest() { 
    User user = mapper.getUserById(1); 
    log.info(\"Name: {}, address: {}\", user.getName(), user.getAddress()); 
  } 
}

与SpringMVC集成
这里我们建立在与Spring3集成基础上来讲：
1. 往pom.xml添加SpringMVC和Freemarker依赖： 

<properties> 
 <freemarker.version>2.3.19</freemarker.version> 
 <servlet.version>2.5</servlet.version> 
</properties> 
 
<dependency>  
 <groupId>org.freemarker</groupId>  
 <artifactId>freemarker</artifactId>  
 <version>${freemarker.version}</version>  
</dependency> 
<dependency> 
 <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>  
 <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>  
 <version>${servlet.version}</version> 
 <scope>provided</scope> 
</dependency>

2. 在web.xml中加入Spring的监听器和SpringMVC的servlet： 

<listener> 
 <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class><!-- 监听容器事件，初始化和关闭Web应用上下文并调用ContextCleanupListener清理资源 --> 
</listener> 
<listener> 
 <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextCleanupListener</listener-class><!-- Web应用关闭时，清理ServletContext中spring相关的可销毁资源 --> 
</listener> 
 
<servlet> 
 <servlet-name>hbatis</servlet-name> 
 <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> 
 <!--<init-param> 
  <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> 
  <param-value>/WEB-INF/hbatis-servlet.xml</param-value> 
 </init-param>--><!-- 未配置时，SpringMVC会到WEB-INF目录下找${project.name}-servlet.xml --> 
 <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> 
</servlet> 
<servlet-mapping> 
 <servlet-name>hbatis</servlet-name> 
 <url-pattern>*.htm</url-pattern> 
</servlet-mapping>

3. 在WEB-INF下新建：

Spring配置文件applicationContext.xml：

<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?> 
<beans xmlns=\"http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans\" 
 xmlns:p=\"http://www.springframework.org/schema/p\" 
 xmlns:xsi=\"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance\" 
 xmlns:context=\"http://www.springframework.org/schema/context\" 
 xsi:schemaLocation=\"http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd 
 http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd\"> 
 
 <context:property-placeholder location=\"classpath:/database.properties\" /><!-- 数据库配置文件 --> 
 
 <bean id=\"dataSource\" class=\"org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource\" 
  p:driverClassName=\"${driverClassName}\" 
  p:url=\"${url}\" 
  p:username=\"${user_name}\" 
  p:password=\"${password}\" /><!-- 数据源配置 --> 
  
 <bean id=\"sqlSessionFactory\" class=\"org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean\"><!-- sqlSessionFactory对象 --> 
  <property name=\"dataSource\" ref=\"dataSource\" /><!-- 数据源 --> 
  <property name=\"configLocation\" value=\"classpath:Configuration.xml\" /><!-- myBatis配置文件 --> 
  <!--<property name=\"mapperLocations\" value=\"classpath*:com/john/hbatis/model/*.xml\" />--><!-- 可以在Configuration.xml或此处配置映射文件，但其中不能有相同id的parameterMap, resultMap或sql等 --> 
 </bean> 
  
 <bean id=\"mapperConfigurer\" class=\"org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer\"><!-- 扫描指定包以获取映射器 --> 
  <property name=\"basePackage\" value=\"com.john.hbatis.mapper\" /> 
 </bean> 
</beans>

类路径下的database.properties：

driverClassName=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver 
url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mybatis?characterEncoding=utf8 
user_name=root 
password=123456


注：因为MapperScannerConfigurer可能会导致username取的是系统用户的账号，而造成数据库连接失败，所以改成其它值：user_name。

SpringMVC配置文件hbatis-servlet.xml：

<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?> 
<beans xmlns=\"http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans\" 
 xmlns:xsi=\"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance\" 
 xmlns:context=\"http://www.springframework.org/schema/context\" 
 xmlns:mvc=\"http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc\" 
 xsi:schemaLocation=\"http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd 
 http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd 
 http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd\"> 
 
 <mvc:annotation-driven /><!-- 注册RequestMappingHandlerMapping, RequestMappingHandlerAdapter和ExceptionHandlerExceptionResolver以提供对@RequestMapping,@ExceptionHandler等注解的支持 --> 
 
 <context:component-scan base-package=\"com.john.hbatis.controller\" /><!-- 扫描控制器包下有特定注解的类，并实例化和依赖注入 --> 
 
 <!-- FreeMarker视图处理器 --> 
 <bean id=\"viewResolverFtl\" class=\"org.springframework.web.servlet.view.freemarker.FreeMarkerViewResolver\">  
  <property name=\"viewClass\" value=\"org.springframework.web.servlet.view.freemarker.FreeMarkerView\"/>  
  <property name=\"contentType\" value=\"text/html;charset=utf-8\"/>  
  <property name=\"prefix\" value=\"\" />  
  <property name=\"cache\" value=\"false\"/>  
  <property name=\"viewNames\">  
    <array>  
      <value>*.ftl</value>  
    </array>  
  </property>  
  <!--<property name=\"suffix\" value=\".ftl\"/>-->  
  <property name=\"order\" value=\"0\"/><!-- 优先级，数值越小优先级越高 -->  
 </bean> 
 
 <bean id=\"freemarkerConfig\" class=\"org.springframework.web.servlet.view.freemarker.FreeMarkerConfigurer\">  
  <property name=\"templateLoaderPaths\">  
    <list>  
      <value>/WEB-INF/ftl/</value><!-- 模板加载路径 -->  
    </list>  
  </property>  
 </bean> 
</beans>

4. MVC：
控制层：UserController.java

@Controller 
@RequestMapping(\"/article\") 
public class UserController { 
 
  @Autowired 
  IUserMapper mapper; 
 
  @RequestMapping(\"/list\") 
  public String showAll(ModelMap modelMap) { 
    List<Article> articles = mapper.getArticlesByUserId(1); 
    modelMap.addAttribute(\"articles\", articles); 
    return \"main.ftl\"; 
  } 
}

视图层：main.ftl:

<#list articles as article> 
  <div>${article.id}. ${article.title}: ${article.content}</div> 
</#list>

5. 启动工程，浏览器输入：http://localhost:8080/hbatis/article/list.htm查看结果。

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