Selenium是一个开源的和便携式的自动化软件测试工具,用于测试Web应用程序有能力在不同的浏览器和操作系统运行。Selenium真的不是一个单一的工具,而是一套工具,帮助测试者更有效地基于Web的应用程序的自动化。
有时候我们会碰到<select></select>标签的下拉框。直接点击下拉框中的选项不一定可行。Selenium专门提供了Select类来处理下拉框。
<select id=\"status\" class=\"form-control valid\" onchange=\"\" name=\"status\"> <option value=\"\"></option> <option value=\"0\">未审核</option> <option value=\"1\">初审通过</option> <option value=\"2\">复审通过</option> <option value=\"3\">审核不通过</option> </select>
Python-selenium中的操作
先以python为例,查看Selenium代码select.py文件的实现:
...\\selenium\\webdriver\\support\\select.py
class Select:
def __init__(self, webelement): \"\"\" Constructor. A check is made that the given element is, indeed, a SELECT tag. If it is not, then an UnexpectedTagNameException is thrown. :Args: - webelement - element SELECT element to wrap Example: from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import Select \\n Select(driver.find_element_by_tag_name(\"select\")).select_by_index(2) \"\"\" if webelement.tag_name.lower() != \"select\": raise UnexpectedTagNameException( \"Select only works on <select> elements, not on <%s>\" % webelement.tag_name) self._el = webelement multi = self._el.get_attribute(\"multiple\") self.is_multiple = multi and multi != \"false\"
查看Select类的实现需要一个元素的定位。并且Example中给了例句。
Select(driver.find_element_by_tag_name(\"select\")).select_by_index(2) def select_by_index(self, index): \"\"\"Select the option at the given index. This is done by examing the \"index\" attribute of an element, and not merely by counting. :Args: - index - The option at this index will be selected \"\"\" match = str(index) matched = False for opt in self.options: if opt.get_attribute(\"index\") == match: self._setSelected(opt) if not self.is_multiple: return matched = True if not matched: raise NoSuchElementException(\"Could not locate element with index %d\" % index)
继续查看select_by_index() 方法的使用并符合上面的给出的下拉框的要求,因为它要求下拉框的选项必须要有index属性,例如index=”1”。
def select_by_value(self, value): \"\"\"Select all options that have a value matching the argument. That is, when given \"foo\" this would select an option like: <option value=\"foo\">Bar</option> :Args: - value - The value to match against \"\"\" css = \"option[value =%s]\" % self._escapeString(value) opts = self._el.find_elements(By.CSS_SELECTOR, css) matched = False for opt in opts: self._setSelected(opt) if not self.is_multiple: return matched = True if not matched: raise NoSuchElementException(\"Cannot locate option with value: %s\" % value)
继续查看select_by_value() 方法符合我们的要求,它用于选取<option>标签的value值。最终,可以通过下面有实现选择下拉框的选项。
from selenium.webdriver.support.select import Select
……
sel = driver.find_element_by_xpath(\"//select[@id=\'status\']\")
Select(sel).select_by_value(\'0\') #未审核
Select(sel).select_by_value(\'1\') #初审通过
Select(sel).select_by_value(\'2\') #复审通过
Select(sel).select_by_value(\'3\') #审核不通过
Java-selenium中的操作
当然,在java中的用法也类似,唯一不区别在语法层面有。
package com.jase.base;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.By.ById;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.Select;
public class SelectTest {
public static void main(String[] args){
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get(\"http://www.you_url.com\");
// ……
Select sel = new Select(driver.findElement(ById.xpath(\"//select[@id=\'status\']\")));
sel.selectByValue(\"0\"); //未审核
sel.selectByValue(\"1\"); //初审通过
sel.selectByValue(\"2\"); //复审通过
sel.selectByValue(\"3\"); //审核不通过
}
}
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