struts2.3.24 + spring4.1.6 + hibernate4.3.11+ mysql5.5.25开发环境搭建及相关说明。
一、目标
1、搭建传统的ssh开发环境,并成功运行(插入、查询)
2、了解c3p0连接池相关配置
3、了解验证hibernate的二级缓存,并验证
4、了解spring事物配置,并验证
5、了解spring的IOC(依赖注入),将struts2的action对象(bean)交给spring管理,自定义bean等...并验证
6、了解spring aop(面向切面编程),并编写自定义切面函数,验证结果
二、前期准备
开发环境:eclipse for java ee;mysql5.5.25;jdk1.7.0_79;navicat10.1.7(可选);
创建数据库demo:
/* Navicat MySQL Data Transfer Source Server : localhost_3306 Source Server Version : 50519 Source Host : localhost:3306 Source Database : demo Target Server Type : MYSQL Target Server Version : 50519 File Encoding : 65001 Date: 2016-01-09 23:36:02 */ SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0; -- ---------------------------- -- Table structure for `user` -- ---------------------------- DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `user`; CREATE TABLE `user` ( `id` bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `account` varchar(200) NOT NULL, `name` varchar(200) NOT NULL, `address` varchar(1000) NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`id`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
新建web工程,目录结构如下:
jar包准备,放到WEB-INF的lib目录下(有兴趣的可以用maven管理过程,但是有时候下载jar包很慢...)
相关jar包都可以在下载下来的struts、spring、hibernate中找到,这里给个参考,有些是可以删除的,比如spring mvc部分的jar包:
三、配置web.xml
配置一个struts2的filter,映射所有*.action请求,由StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter对象来处理;
配置context-param参数,指定spring配置文件的路径,<context-param>中的参数可以用ServletContext.getInitParameter(“param-name”)来获取;
配置listener,主要是读取applicationContext.xml配置文件信息,创建bean等初始化工作;
<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?> <web-app xmlns:xsi=\"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance\" xmlns=\"http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee\" xsi:schemaLocation=\"http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd\" id=\"WebApp_ID\" version=\"3.0\"> <display-name>SSH</display-name> <filter> <filter-name>struts2</filter-name> <filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</filter-class> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>struts2</filter-name> <url-pattern>*.action</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> <context-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value> </context-param> <listener> <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class> </listener> <welcome-file-list> <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file> </welcome-file-list> </web-app>
四、配置applicationContext.xml
配置自动扫描ssh包下的@Repostory,@Service等注解,并生成对应的bean;
配置数据源(jdbc连接池为c3p0,可以参考c3p0的详细配置),连接池主要作用是快速提供connection,重复利用,不需要每次销毁创建,需配置用户名、密码、最大连接数、最小连接数、初始连接数等相关参数;
配置sessionFactory(可以参考hibernate的详细配置,这里配置开启二级缓存),主要作用是提供session,执行sql语句;这里我们将会通过HibernateTemplate来对数据库进行操作,方便spring进行实物控制;ps,hibernate配置中还要配置类与数据库表的映射;
配置事务管理器bean为HibernateTransactionManager,并把成员属性sessionFactory初始化为之前配置的sessionFactory bean;
配置事务的传播特性,并配置一个切面引用它,对所有ssh.service包及子包下所有add、delete、update、save方法进行事务控制,还可以配置事务传播行为等参数;
最后是一个自定义aop相关配置,对ssh.aop.AopTest下所有test开头的方法应用自定义切面‘myAop\'进行控制,后续会验证结果;
<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?> <beans xmlns=\"http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans\" xmlns:p=\"http://www.springframework.org/schema/p\" xmlns:context=\"http://www.springframework.org/schema/context\" xmlns:tx=\"http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx\" xmlns:xsi=\"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance\" xmlns:aop=\"http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop\" xmlns:jdbc=\"http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc\" xsi:schemaLocation=\" http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc-4.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.1.xsd\"> <!-- scans the classpath for annotated components (including @Repostory and @Service that will be auto-registered as Spring beans --> <context:component-scan base-package=\"ssh\" /> <!--配数据源 --> <bean name=\"dataSource\" class=\"com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource\" destroy-method=\"close\"> <property name=\"driverClass\" value=\"com.mysql.jdbc.Driver\" /> <property name=\"jdbcUrl\" value=\"jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/demo\" /> <property name=\"user\" value=\"root\" /> <property name=\"password\" value=\"root\" /> <property name=\"acquireIncrement\" value=\"1\"></property> <property name=\"initialPoolSize\" value=\"80\"></property> <property name=\"maxIdleTime\" value=\"60\"></property> <property name=\"maxPoolSize\" value=\"80\"></property> <property name=\"minPoolSize\" value=\"30\"></property> <property name=\"acquireRetryDelay\" value=\"1000\"></property> <property name=\"acquireRetryAttempts\" value=\"60\"></property> <property name=\"breakAfterAcquireFailure\" value=\"false\"></property> <!-- 如出现Too many connections, 注意修改mysql的配置文件my.ini,增大最多连接数配置项,(查看当前连接命令:show processlist) --> </bean> <bean id=\"sessionFactory\" class=\"org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.LocalSessionFactoryBean\"> <property name=\"dataSource\" ref=\"dataSource\" /> <property name=\"hibernateProperties\"> <props> <prop key=\"hibernate.dialect\">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</prop> <prop key=\"hibernate.show_sql\">true</prop> <prop key=\"hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto\">update</prop> <prop key=\"current_session_context_class\">thread</prop> <prop key=\"hibernate.cache.use_second_level_cache\">true</prop> <prop key=\"hibernate.cache.region.factory_class\">org.hibernate.cache.ehcache.EhCacheRegionFactory</prop> <prop key=\"hibernate.cache.use_query_cache\">true</prop> <prop key=\"hibernate.cache.provider_configuration_file_resource_path\">ehcache.xml</prop> </props> </property> <property name=\"mappingLocations\"> <list> <value>classpath:ssh/model/User.hbm.xml</value> </list> </property> <!-- <property name=\"annotatedClasses\"> <list> <value>ssh.model.User</value> </list> </property> --> </bean> <!-- 配置事务管理器 --> <bean id=\"transactionManager\" class=\"org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.HibernateTransactionManager\"> <property name=\"sessionFactory\" ref=\"sessionFactory\" /> </bean> <!-- 事务的传播特性 --> <tx:advice id=\"txadvice\" transaction-manager=\"transactionManager\"> <tx:attributes> <tx:method name=\"add*\" propagation=\"REQUIRED\" read-only=\"false\" rollback-for=\"java.lang.Exception\"/> <tx:method name=\"delete*\" propagation=\"REQUIRED\" read-only=\"false\" rollback-for=\"java.lang.Exception\"/> <tx:method name=\"update*\" propagation=\"REQUIRED\" read-only=\"false\" rollback-for=\"java.lang.Exception\"/> <tx:method name=\"save*\" propagation=\"REQUIRED\" read-only=\"false\" rollback-for=\"java.lang.Exception\"/> </tx:attributes> </tx:advice> <aop:config> <aop:pointcut id=\"pcMethod\" expression=\"execution(* ssh.service..*.*(..))\" /> <aop:advisor pointcut-ref=\"pcMethod\" advice-ref=\"txadvice\" /> </aop:config> <!-- 自定义aop处理 测试 --> <bean id=\"aopTest\" class=\"ssh.aop.AopTest\"></bean> <bean id=\"myAop\" class=\"ssh.aop.MyAop\"></bean> <aop:config proxy-target-class=\"true\"> <aop:aspect ref=\"myAop\"> <aop:pointcut id=\"pcMethodTest\" expression=\"execution(* ssh.aop.AopTest.test*(..))\"/> <aop:before pointcut-ref=\"pcMethodTest\" method=\"before\"/> <aop:after pointcut-ref=\"pcMethodTest\" method=\"after\"/> </aop:aspect> </aop:config> </beans>
五、配置struts.xml
配置struts.objectFactory常数为spring,表示action由通过spring的bean中获取;
配置result type为\"json\",也可以配置其它的,这里为了前后端数据交互简便,配置成json格式;
配置两个action,addUser和queryAllUser;
<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\" ?> <!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC \"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.3//EN\" \"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd\"> <struts> <constant name=\"struts.objectFactory\" value=\"spring\"/> <constant name=\"struts.enable.DynamicMethodInvocation\" value=\"false\" /> <constant name=\"struts.devMode\" value=\"false\" /> <package name=\"default\" extends=\"struts-default,json-default\"> <global-results> <result type=\"json\"> <param name=\"root\">json</param> <param name=\"contentType\">text/html</param> </result> </global-results> <action name=\"addUser\" class=\"userAction\" method=\"addUser\"> <result>.</result> </action> <action name=\"queryAllUser\" class=\"userAction\" method=\"queryAllUser\"> <result>.</result> </action> </package> <!-- Add packages here --> </struts>
六、编写相关代码
注意事项:
dao继承HibernateDaoSupport类,所有数据库相关操作用hibernateTemplate操作;
给dao层,service层,action添加相应注解,注册为spring的bean;
附代码如下:
UserAction.java
package ssh.action; import java.io.PrintWriter; import java.util.List; import javax.annotation.Resource; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import org.apache.log4j.Logger; import org.apache.struts2.ServletActionContext; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import ssh.aop.AopTest; import ssh.model.User; import ssh.service.UserService; import com.google.gson.Gson; @Controller public class UserAction { Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(UserAction.class); @Resource private UserService userService; @Resource private AopTest aopTest; public void addUser(){ PrintWriter out = null; try{ HttpServletRequest request = ServletActionContext.getRequest(); HttpServletResponse response = ServletActionContext.getResponse(); response.setContentType(\"text/html;charset=UTF-8\"); String account = request.getParameter(\"account\"); String name = request.getParameter(\"name\"); String address = request.getParameter(\"address\"); User user = new User(); user.setAccount(account); user.setAddress(address); user.setName(name); userService.add(user); out = response.getWriter(); out.write(new Gson().toJson(\"success\")); }catch(Exception e){ e.printStackTrace(); logger.error(e.getMessage()); if(out != null) out.write(new Gson().toJson(\"fail\")); }finally{ out.flush(); out.close(); } } public void queryAllUser(){ PrintWriter out = null; aopTest.test1(); aopTest.test2(); //logger.error(\"i\"); try { HttpServletResponse response = ServletActionContext.getResponse(); response.setContentType(\"text/html;charset=UTF-8\"); Gson gson = new Gson(); List<User> userList= userService.queryAllUser(); String gsonStr = gson.toJson(userList); out = response.getWriter(); out.write(gsonStr); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); logger.error(e.getMessage()); if(out != null) out.write(new Gson().toJson(\"fail\")); }finally{ out.flush(); out.close(); } } }
AopTest.java
package ssh.aop; public class AopTest { public void test1(){ System.out.println(\"AopTest test1 method is running~\"); } public void test2(){ System.out.println(\"AopTest test2 method is running~\"); } }
MyAop.java
package ssh.aop; public class MyAop { public void before(){ System.out.println(\"befor~\"); } public void after(){ System.out.println(\"after~\"); } }
BaseDao.java
package ssh.dao.base; import javax.annotation.Resource; import org.hibernate.SessionFactory; import org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.support.HibernateDaoSupport; public class BaseDao extends HibernateDaoSupport{ @Resource public void setMySessionFactory(SessionFactory sessionFactory){ this.setSessionFactory(sessionFactory); } }
UserDao.java
package ssh.dao; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; import org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.HibernateTemplate; import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository; import ssh.dao.base.BaseDao; import ssh.model.User; @Repository public class UserDao extends BaseDao{ public void add(User user){ this.getHibernateTemplate().save(user); } @SuppressWarnings(\"unchecked\") public List<User> queryAllUser(){ List<User> users = new ArrayList<User>(); HibernateTemplate hibernateTemplate = this.getHibernateTemplate(); hibernateTemplate.setCacheQueries(true); users = (List<User>) hibernateTemplate.find(\"from User\"); hibernateTemplate.setCacheQueries(false); return users; } }
User.java
package ssh.model; import java.io.Serializable; public class User implements Serializable{ /** * */ private static final long serialVersionUID = -6190571611246371934L; private Long id; private String account; private String name; private String address; public String getAccount() { return account; } public String getName() { return name; } public String getAddress() { return address; } public void setAccount(String account) { this.account = account; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public void setAddress(String address) { this.address = address; } /** * @return the id */ public Long getId() { return id; } /** * @param id the id to set */ public void setId(Long id) { this.id = id; } }
User.hbm.xml
<?xml version=\"1.0\"?> <!-- ~ Hibernate, Relational Persistence for Idiomatic Java ~ ~ Copyright (c) 2010, Red Hat Inc. or third-party contributors as ~ indicated by the @author tags or express copyright attribution ~ statements applied by the authors. All third-party contributions are ~ distributed under license by Red Hat Inc. ~ ~ This copyrighted material is made available to anyone wishing to use, modify, ~ copy, or redistribute it subject to the terms and conditions of the GNU ~ Lesser General Public License, as published by the Free Software Foundation. ~ ~ This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, ~ but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY ~ or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU Lesser General Public License ~ for more details. ~ ~ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License ~ along with this distribution; if not, write to: ~ Free Software Foundation, Inc. ~ 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor ~ Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA --> <!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC \"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN\" \"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd\"> <hibernate-mapping package=\"ssh.model\"> <class name=\"User\" table=\"user\"> <cache usage=\"read-write\"/> <id name=\"id\" column=\"id\"> <generator class=\"increment\"/> </id> <property name=\"account\" type=\"java.lang.String\" column=\"account\"/> <property name=\"name\" type=\"java.lang.String\" column=\"name\"/> <property name=\"address\" type=\"java.lang.String\" column=\"address\"/> </class> </hibernate-mapping>
UserService.java
package ssh.service; import java.util.List; import javax.annotation.Resource; import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; import ssh.dao.UserDao; import ssh.model.User; @Service public class UserService { @Resource private UserDao userDao = new UserDao(); public List<User> queryAllUser(){ return userDao.queryAllUser(); } public void add(User user){ userDao.add(user); } }
index.jsp(记得添加jquery库)
<%@ page language=\"java\" contentType=\"text/html; charset=UTF-8\" pageEncoding=\"UTF-8\"%> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC \"-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN\" \"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd\"> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=UTF-8\"> <title>Insert title here</title> <style> .mt20{ margin-top: 20px; } </style> </head> <body> <div style=\"text-align: center;\"> <div class=\"mt20\"><label>账号:</label><input id=\"account\" type=\"text\"/></div> <div class=\"mt20\"><label>姓名:</label><input id=\"name\" type=\"text\"/></div> <div class=\"mt20\"><label>地址:</label><input id=\"address\" type=\"text\"/></div> <div class=\"mt20\"><button id=\"addUser\" >添加</button></div> </div> <h3>用户列表:</h3> <ul id=\"userList\"> </ul> <script type=\"text/javascript\" src=\"js/jquery-1.11.1.min.js\"></script> <script> $(function() { $.ajax({ url : \'queryAllUser.action\', type : \'post\', dataType : \'json\', success : function(data) { try { for(var i = 0; i < data.length; i++){ $(\"#userList\").append(\"<li><span style=\'color:red\'>id=\"+data[i].id+\"</span>,account=\"+data[i].account+\",name=\"+data[i].name+\",address=\"+data[i].address+\"</li>\"); } } catch (e) {}; } , error : function(e) { alert(\"sys error\"); } }); $(\"#addUser\").on(\"click\", function() { var account = $(\"#account\").val(); var name = $(\"#name\").val(); var address = $(\"#address\").val(); $.ajax({ url : \'addUser.action\', type : \'post\', dataType : \'json\', data : { account : account, name : name, address : address }, success : function(data) { try { $(\"#userList\").append(\"<li>account=\"+account+\",name=\"+name+\",address=\"+address+\"</li>\"); alert(\"添加成功\"); } catch (e) { } }, error : function(e) { alert(\"sys error\"); } }); }); }); </script> </body> </html>
七、验证结果
回到开头,开始熟悉了解相关技术,并验证结果
1、搭建传统的ssh开发环境,并成功运行(插入、查询)
如下图:查询及添加用户成功;
2、了解c3p0连接池相关配置
数据库连接是一种昂贵的资源,开启及关闭比较消耗性能,因此可以用连接池来管理,初始化若干个连接,重复使用,而不是重复创建关闭,有点类似线程池;
配置如下,要根据实际项目情况合理配置最小最大连接数,详细的各个参数含义可以参考链接
另外要验证连接数相关配置很简单,可以自己写个程序验证,比如当配置最大连接数为10的时候,可以写个程序验证,当打开10个connection后,第11个connection会一直处于等待状态,获取不到;所以要根据情况合理配置连接数,否则有可能会影响应用性能;
<!--配数据源 --> <bean name=\"dataSource\" class=\"com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource\" destroy-method=\"close\"> <property name=\"driverClass\" value=\"com.mysql.jdbc.Driver\" /> <property name=\"jdbcUrl\" value=\"jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/demo\" /> <property name=\"user\" value=\"root\" /> <property name=\"password\" value=\"root\" /> <property name=\"acquireIncrement\" value=\"1\"></property> <property name=\"initialPoolSize\" value=\"80\"></property> <property name=\"maxIdleTime\" value=\"60\"></property> <property name=\"maxPoolSize\" value=\"80\"></property> <property name=\"minPoolSize\" value=\"30\"></property> <property name=\"acquireRetryDelay\" value=\"1000\"></property> <property name=\"acquireRetryAttempts\" value=\"60\"></property> <property name=\"breakAfterAcquireFailure\" value=\"false\"></property> <!-- 如出现Too many connections, 注意修改mysql的配置文件my.ini,增大最多连接数配置项,(查看当前连接命令:show processlist) --> </bean>
3、了解验证hibernate的二级缓存,并验证
hibernate的一级缓存是指session范围的缓存,默认开启,二级缓存是sessionFactory范围缓存,在配置sessionFactory的时候,我们已经配置二级缓存为ehcache,接下来验证效果,查询user操作,发现第一次查询会操作数据库,打印sql语句,刷新页面后,发现查询成功且没打印sql语句,如下图,可见二级缓存工作OK;
4、了解spring事物配置,并验证
所谓事务控制,原理都一样,就是要保证原子性、一致性、隔离性、持久性,jdbc编程的时候,都是自己控制,通过set autocommit=false设置成不自动提交,然后开始写具体的数据库操作,发生异常的时候rollback,否则commit;其实spring对事物的控制原理也差不多,加了一些封装,配置等,更加方便而已,比如可以在service层不同方法进行控制等;
验证的话很简单,在service层某个方法(注意方法名要符合spring配置文件中配置的规则)内写两个插入user的操作,在中间抛出一个异常,然后执行,如果发现第一个user插入成功,说明事务控制失效,否则ok;
5、了解spring的IOC(依赖注入),将struts2的action对象(bean)交给spring管理,自定义bean等...并验证
仔细观察的话,在配置applicationContext.xml文件的过程中,主要工作都是在配置bean相关信息,这些bean都是事先创建好的,其实所谓的bean就是对象;
之所以把对象的创建交给spring容器,目的是为了解耦;
另外在用struts的时候,spring把action注册为bean,默认是单例的,访问的时候并不是每次都new出一个action,在并发访问的时候,会有风险;
不过,可以通过scope=\"prototype\",把action配置成多例;ps:struts2中的action默认是多例;
注意:applicationContext.xml配置的bean和自定义注解的bean都是可以在程序运行的过程中直接获取的,通过@Resource等方式,这个很好验证,写个小程序即可;
6、了解spring aop(面向切面编程),并编写自定义切面函数,验证结果
切面编程这种形式很多地方都用了该思想,什么过滤器,拦截器,事务控制等等...
其原理还是java的反射和动态代理,在方法执行前后加以控制,加入自己要执行的代码;
小例子中加了个切面,在方法执行前后打印before和after字符串,如下图,工作正常,代码参考前面部分:
<!-- 自定义aop处理 测试 --> <bean id=\"aopTest\" class=\"ssh.aop.AopTest\"></bean> <bean id=\"myAop\" class=\"ssh.aop.MyAop\"></bean> <aop:config proxy-target-class=\"true\"> <aop:aspect ref=\"myAop\"> <aop:pointcut id=\"pcMethodTest\" expression=\"execution(* ssh.aop.AopTest.test*(..))\"/> <aop:before pointcut-ref=\"pcMethodTest\" method=\"before\"/> <aop:after pointcut-ref=\"pcMethodTest\" method=\"after\"/> </aop:aspect> </aop:config>
@author 风一样的码农
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