使用value属性和使用<property>标签的ref属性在你的bean配置文件中的对象引用,这两种情况下可以处理单值到一个bean,如果你想通过多元值,如Java Collection类型List, Set, Map 及 Properties。要处理这种情况,Spring提供了四种类型的如下集合的配置元素:
可以使用<list> 或<set> 来连接任何实现java.util.Collection或数组。
会遇到两种情况(a)将收集的直接的值及(b)传递一个bean的引用作为集合的元素之一。
例子:
我们使用Eclipse IDE,然后按照下面的步骤来创建一个Spring应用程序:
这里是JavaCollection.java文件的内容:
package com.yiibai; import java.util.*; public class JavaCollection { List addressList; Set addressSet; Map addressMap; Properties addressProp; // a setter method to set List public void setAddressList(List addressList) { this.addressList = addressList; } // prints and returns all the elements of the list. public List getAddressList() { System.out.println(\"List Elements :\" + addressList); return addressList; } // a setter method to set Set public void setAddressSet(Set addressSet) { this.addressSet = addressSet; } // prints and returns all the elements of the Set. public Set getAddressSet() { System.out.println(\"Set Elements :\" + addressSet); return addressSet; } // a setter method to set Map public void setAddressMap(Map addressMap) { this.addressMap = addressMap; } // prints and returns all the elements of the Map. public Map getAddressMap() { System.out.println(\"Map Elements :\" + addressMap); return addressMap; } // a setter method to set Property public void setAddressProp(Properties addressProp) { this.addressProp = addressProp; } // prints and returns all the elements of the Property. public Properties getAddressProp() { System.out.println(\"Property Elements :\" + addressProp); return addressProp; } }
以下是MainApp.java文件的内容:
package com.yiibai; import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext; import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext; public class MainApp { public static void main(String[] args) { ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(\"Beans.xml\"); JavaCollection jc=(JavaCollection)context.getBean(\"javaCollection\"); jc.getAddressList(); jc.getAddressSet(); jc.getAddressMap(); jc.getAddressProp(); } }
以下是配置文件beans.xml文件里面有配置的集合的所有类型:
<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?> <beans xmlns=\"http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans\" xmlns:xsi=\"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance\" xsi:schemaLocation=\"http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd\"> <!-- Definition for javaCollection --> <bean id=\"javaCollection\" class=\"com.yiibai.JavaCollection\"> <!-- results in a setAddressList(java.util.List) call --> <property name=\"addressList\"> <list> <value>INDIA</value> <value>Pakistan</value> <value>USA</value> <value>USA</value> </list> </property> <!-- results in a setAddressSet(java.util.Set) call --> <property name=\"addressSet\"> <set> <value>INDIA</value> <value>Pakistan</value> <value>USA</value> <value>USA</value> </set> </property> <!-- results in a setAddressMap(java.util.Map) call --> <property name=\"addressMap\"> <map> <entry key=\"1\" value=\"INDIA\"/> <entry key=\"2\" value=\"Pakistan\"/> <entry key=\"3\" value=\"USA\"/> <entry key=\"4\" value=\"USA\"/> </map> </property> <!-- results in a setAddressProp(java.util.Properties) call --> <property name=\"addressProp\"> <props> <prop key=\"one\">INDIA</prop> <prop key=\"two\">Pakistan</prop> <prop key=\"three\">USA</prop> <prop key=\"four\">USA</prop> </props> </property> </bean> </beans>
创建源代码和bean配置文件完成后,让我们运行应用程序。如果应用程序一切顺利,这将打印以下信息:
List Elements :[INDIA, Pakistan, USA, USA] Set Elements :[INDIA, Pakistan, USA] Map Elements :{1=INDIA, 2=Pakistan, 3=USA, 4=USA} Property Elements :{two=Pakistan, one=INDIA, three=USA, four=USA}
注入Bean引用:
下面bean定义将帮助您了解如何注入bean的引用作为集合的元素之一。甚至可以混合引用和值都在一起,如下图所示:
<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?> <beans xmlns=\"http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans\" xmlns:xsi=\"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance\" xsi:schemaLocation=\"http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd\"> <!-- Bean Definition to handle references and values --> <bean id=\"...\" class=\"...\"> <!-- Passing bean reference for java.util.List --> <property name=\"addressList\"> <list> <ref bean=\"address1\"/> <ref bean=\"address2\"/> <value>Pakistan</value> </list> </property> <!-- Passing bean reference for java.util.Set --> <property name=\"addressSet\"> <set> <ref bean=\"address1\"/> <ref bean=\"address2\"/> <value>Pakistan</value> </set> </property> <!-- Passing bean reference for java.util.Map --> <property name=\"addressMap\"> <map> <entry key=\"one\" value=\"INDIA\"/> <entry key =\"two\" value-ref=\"address1\"/> <entry key =\"three\" value-ref=\"address2\"/> </map> </property> </bean> </beans>
使用上面的bean定义,需要定义这样一种方式,他们应该能够处理的参考,以及setter方法。
注入null和空字符串的值
如果需要传递一个空字符串作为值,如下所示:
<bean id=\"...\" class=\"exampleBean\"> <property name=\"email\" value=\"\"/> </bean>
前面的例子等同于Java代码: exampleBean.setEmail(\"\")
如果需要传递一个null值,如下所示:
<bean id=\"...\" class=\"exampleBean\"> <property name=\"email\"><null/></property> </bean>
前面的例子等同于Java代码:exampleBean.setEmail(null)
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