在Java编程中,有些知识并不能仅通过语言规范或者标准API文档就能学到的,本文为大家罗列。
一、实现
1、现equals()
class Person { String name; int birthYear; byte[] raw; public boolean equals(Object obj) { if (!obj instanceof Person) return false; Person other = (Person)obj; return name.equals(other.name) && birthYear == other.birthYear && Arrays.equals(raw, other.raw); } public int hashCode() { ... } }
2、现hashCode()
class Person { String a; Object b; byte c; int[] d; public int hashCode() { return a.hashCode() + b.hashCode() + c + Arrays.hashCode(d); } public boolean equals(Object o) { ... } }
3、实现compareTo()
class Person implements Comparable<Person> { String firstName; String lastName; int birthdate; // Compare by firstName, break ties by lastName, finally break ties by birthdate public int compareTo(Person other) { if (firstName.compareTo(other.firstName) != 0) return firstName.compareTo(other.firstName); else if (lastName.compareTo(other.lastName) != 0) return lastName.compareTo(other.lastName); else if (birthdate < other.birthdate) return -1; else if (birthdate > other.birthdate) return 1; else return 0; } }
总是实现泛型版本 Comparable 而不是实现原始类型 Comparable 。因为这样可以节省代码量和减少不必要的麻烦。
只关心返回结果的正负号(负/零/正),它们的大小不重要。
Comparator.compare()的实现与这个类似。
4、实现clone()
class Values implements Cloneable { String abc; double foo; int[] bars; Date hired; public Values clone() { try { Values result = (Values)super.clone(); result.bars = result.bars.clone(); result.hired = result.hired.clone(); return result; } catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) { // Impossible throw new AssertionError(e); } } }
二、预防性检测
1、预防性检测(Defensive checking)数值
int factorial(int n) { if (n < 0) throw new IllegalArgumentException(\"Undefined\"); else if (n >= 13) throw new ArithmeticException(\"Result overflow\"); else if (n == 0) return 1; else return n * factorial(n - 1); }
2、预防性检测对象
int findIndex(List<String> list, String target) { if (list == null || target == null) throw new NullPointerException(); ... }
3、预防性检测数组索引
void frob(byte[] b, int index) { if (b == null) throw new NullPointerException(); if (index < 0 || index >= b.length) throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(); ... }
不要认为所以给的数组索引不会越界。要显式地检测它。
4、预防性检测数组区间
void frob(byte[] b, int off, int len) { if (b == null) throw new NullPointerException(); if (off < 0 || off > b.length || len < 0 || b.length - off < len) throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(); ... }
不要认为所给的数组区间(比如,从off开始,读取len个元素)是不会越界。要显式地检测它。
三、数组
1、填充数组元素
使用循环:
// Fill each element of array \'a\' with 123 byte[] a = (...); for (int i = 0; i < a.length; i++) a[i] = 123; (优先)使用标准库的方法: Arrays.fill(a, (byte)123);
2、复制一个范围内的数组元素
使用循环:
// Copy 8 elements from array \'a\' starting at offset 3 // to array \'b\' starting at offset 6, // assuming \'a\' and \'b\' are distinct arrays byte[] a = (...); byte[] b = (...); for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) b[6 + i] = a[3 + i]; (优先)使用标准库的方法: System.arraycopy(a, 3, b, 6, 8);
3、调整数组大小
使用循环(扩大规模):
// Make array \'a\' larger to newLen byte[] a = (...); byte[] b = new byte[newLen]; for (int i = 0; i < a.length; i++) // Goes up to length of A b[i] = a[i]; a = b;
使用循环(减小规模):
// Make array \'a\' smaller to newLen byte[] a = (...); byte[] b = new byte[newLen]; for (int i = 0; i < b.length; i++) // Goes up to length of B b[i] = a[i]; a = b;
(优先)使用标准库的方法:
1a = Arrays.copyOf(a, newLen);
4、把4个字节包装(packing)成一个int
int packBigEndian(byte[] b) { return (b[0] & 0xFF) << 24 | (b[1] & 0xFF) << 16 | (b[2] & 0xFF) << 8 | (b[3] & 0xFF) << 0; } int packLittleEndian(byte[] b) { return (b[0] & 0xFF) << 0 | (b[1] & 0xFF) << 8 | (b[2] & 0xFF) << 16 | (b[3] & 0xFF) << 24; }
5、把int分解(Unpacking)成4个字节
byte[] unpackBigEndian(int x) { return new byte[] { (byte)(x >>> 24), (byte)(x >>> 16), (byte)(x >>> 8), (byte)(x >>> 0) }; } byte[] unpackLittleEndian(int x) { return new byte[] { (byte)(x >>> 0), (byte)(x >>> 8), (byte)(x >>> 16), (byte)(x >>> 24) }; }
总是使用无符号右移操作符(>>>)对位进行包装(packing),不要使用算术右移操作符(>>)。
以上就是本文的全部内容,希望对大家的学习有所帮助。
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