我们已经看到使用WHERE子句的SQL SELECT命令来从MySQL表获取数据。但是,当我们试图给的条件比较字段或列的值为NULL,它不能正常工作。
为了处理这种情况,MySQL提供了三大运算符
涉及NULL条件是特殊的。不能使用 =NULL 或 !=NULL 寻找NULL值的列。这种比较总是告诉他们是否是真正的失败,因为这是不可能的。即使是NULL=NULL失败。
如果要查找是或不是NULL的列,请使用IS NULL或IS NOT NULL。
在命令提示符下使用NULL值:
假设一个表tcount_tbl,它包含了两个的列stutorial_author和tutorial_count,其中一个tutorial_count为NULL 表示的值是未知的
例子:
试试下面的例子:
root@host# mysql -u root -p password; Enter password:******* mysql> use TUTORIALS; Database changed mysql> create table tcount_tbl -> ( -> tutorial_author varchar(40) NOT NULL, -> tutorial_count INT -> ); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec) mysql> INSERT INTO tcount_tbl -> (tutorial_author, tutorial_count) values (\'mahran\', 20); mysql> INSERT INTO tcount_tbl -> (tutorial_author, tutorial_count) values (\'mahnaz\', NULL); mysql> INSERT INTO tcount_tbl -> (tutorial_author, tutorial_count) values (\'Jen\', NULL); mysql> INSERT INTO tcount_tbl -> (tutorial_author, tutorial_count) values (\'Gill\', 20); mysql> SELECT * from tcount_tbl; +-----------------+----------------+ | tutorial_author | tutorial_count | +-----------------+----------------+ | mahran | 20 | | mahnaz | NULL | | Jen | NULL | | Gill | 20 | +-----------------+----------------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql>
可以看到=和!=不使用NULL值,如下所示:
mysql> SELECT * FROM tcount_tbl WHERE tutorial_count = NULL; Empty set (0.00 sec) mysql> SELECT * FROM tcount_tbl WHERE tutorial_count != NULL; Empty set (0.01 sec)
要找到,其中tutorial_count列是或不是NULL的记录,查询应该这样写:
mysql> SELECT * FROM tcount_tbl -> WHERE tutorial_count IS NULL; +-----------------+----------------+ | tutorial_author | tutorial_count | +-----------------+----------------+ | mahnaz | NULL | | Jen | NULL | +-----------------+----------------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> SELECT * from tcount_tbl -> WHERE tutorial_count IS NOT NULL; +-----------------+----------------+ | tutorial_author | tutorial_count | +-----------------+----------------+ | mahran | 20 | | Gill | 20 | +-----------------+----------------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
PHP脚本处理NULL值:
可以使用IF ... ELSE条件准备的基础上操作NULL值的查询。
例子:
下面的示例tutorial_count从外部,然后它与可在表中的值进行比较。
<?php $dbhost = \'localhost:3036\'; $dbuser = \'root\'; $dbpass = \'rootpassword\'; $conn = mysql_connect($dbhost, $dbuser, $dbpass); if(! $conn ) { die(\'Could not connect: \' . mysql_error()); } if( isset($tutorial_count )) { $sql = \'SELECT tutorial_author, tutorial_count FROM tcount_tbl WHERE tutorial_count = $tutorial_count\'; } else { $sql = \'SELECT tutorial_author, tutorial_count FROM tcount_tbl WHERE tutorial_count IS $tutorial_count\'; } mysql_select_db(\'TUTORIALS\'); $retval = mysql_query( $sql, $conn ); if(! $retval ) { die(\'Could not get data: \' . mysql_error()); } while($row = mysql_fetch_array($retval, MYSQL_ASSOC)) { echo \"Author:{$row[\'tutorial_author\']} <br> \". \"Count: {$row[\'tutorial_count\']} <br> \". \"--------------------------------<br>\"; } echo \"Fetched data successfully\\n\"; mysql_close($conn); ?>
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