1. CASE WHEN 表达式有两种形式
--简单Case函数
CASE sex
WHEN \'1\' THEN \'男\'
WHEN \'2\' THEN \'女\'
ELSE \'其他\' END
--Case搜索函数
CASE
WHEN sex = \'1\' THEN \'男\'
WHEN sex = \'2\' THEN \'女\'
ELSE \'其他\' END
2. CASE WHEN 在语句中不同位置的用法
2.1 SELECT CASE WHEN 用法
SELECT grade, COUNT (CASE WHEN sex = 1 THEN 1 /*sex 1为男生,2位女生*/
ELSE NULL
END) 男生数,
COUNT (CASE WHEN sex = 2 THEN 1
ELSE NULL
END) 女生数
FROM students GROUP BY grade;
2.2 WHERE CASE WHEN 用法
SELECT T2.*, T1.*
FROM T1, T2
WHERE (CASE WHEN T2.COMPARE_TYPE = \'A\' AND
T1.SOME_TYPE LIKE \'NOTHING%\'
THEN 1
WHEN T2.COMPARE_TYPE != \'A\' AND
T1.SOME_TYPE NOT LIKE \'NOTHING%\'
THEN 1
ELSE 0
END) = 1
2.3 GROUP BY CASE WHEN 用法
SELECT
CASE WHEN salary <= 500 THEN \'1\'
WHEN salary > 500 AND salary <= 600 THEN \'2\'
WHEN salary > 600 AND salary <= 800 THEN \'3\'
WHEN salary > 800 AND salary <= 1000 THEN \'4\'
ELSE NULL END salary_class, -- 别名命名
COUNT(*)
FROM Table_A
GROUP BY
CASE WHEN salary <= 500 THEN \'1\'
WHEN salary > 500 AND salary <= 600 THEN \'2\'
WHEN salary > 600 AND salary <= 800 THEN \'3\'
WHEN salary > 800 AND salary <= 1000 THEN \'4\'
ELSE NULL END;
3.关于IF-THEN-ELSE的其他实现
3.1 DECODE() 函数
select decode(sex, \'M\', \'Male\', \'F\', \'Female\', \'Unknown\')
from employees;
貌似只有Oracle提供该函数,而且不支持ANSI SQL,语法上也没CASE WHEN清晰,个人不推荐使用。
3.2 在WHERE中特殊实现
SELECT T2.*, T1.*
FROM T1, T2
WHERE (T2.COMPARE_TYPE = \'A\' AND T1.SOME_TYPE LIKE \'NOTHING%\')
OR
(T2.COMPARE_TYPE != \'A\' AND T1.SOME_TYPE NOT LIKE \'NOTHING%\')
这种方法也是在特殊情况下使用,要多注意逻辑,不要弄错。