HTML5 Canvas鼠标与键盘事件demo示例

前端技术 2023/09/07 HTML
演示HTML5 Canvas鼠标事件，获取Canvas对象上的鼠标坐标，演示键盘事件通过键盘控制Canvas上对象移动。

Canvas对象支持所有的JavaScript的鼠标事件，包括鼠标点击(MouseClick), 鼠标按下(Mouse Down), 鼠标抬起(Mouse Up),鼠标移动( Mouse Move)对Canvas添加鼠标事件方式有两种，一种方式是通过API来完成：

复制代码
代码如下:

// mouse event
canvas.addEventListener(\"mousedown\",doMouseDown,false);
canvas.addEventListener(\'mousemove\', doMouseMove,false);
canvas.addEventListener(\'mouseup\', doMouseUp, false);
另外一种方式在JavaScript中称为反模式：



复制代码
代码如下:

canvas.onmousedown = function(e){
}
canvas.onmouseup = function(e){
}
canvas.onmousemove = function(e){
}


获取鼠标在Canvas对象上坐标：
由于Canvas上鼠标事件中不能直接获取鼠标在Canvas的坐标，所获取的都是基于整个
屏幕的坐标。所以通过鼠标事件e.pageX与e.pageY来获取鼠标位置，然后通过
Canvas. getBoundingClientRect()来获取Canvas对象相对屏幕的相对位置，通过计算

得到鼠标在Canvas的坐标，代码如下：

复制代码
代码如下:

function getPointOnCanvas(canvas, x, y) {
var bbox =canvas.getBoundingClientRect();
return { x: x- bbox.left *(canvas.width / bbox.width),
y:y - bbox.top * (canvas.height / bbox.height)
};
}


键盘事件：
HTML5 Canvas本身不支持键盘事件监听与获取，常用的有两种方法来解决这个问题：

一：通过windows对象来实现Canvas键盘事件监听与处理
// key event - use window as object
window.addEventListener(\'keydown\', doKeyDown,true);

二：通过在Canvas对象上添加其它支持键盘事件的DOM元素实现键盘事件支持

复制代码
代码如下:

<canvas id=\"event_canvas\"tabindex=\"0\"></canvas>
// key event - use DOM element asobject
canvas.addEventListener(\'keydown\', doKeyDown,true);
canvas.focus();


其中tabindex为HTML5 DOM元素，支持键盘事件。
演示，一个可以根据键盘上下左右移动的矩形块:
 
一个完整的鼠标与键盘事件演示代码如下：

复制代码
代码如下:

var tempContext = null; // global variable 2d context
var started = false;
var mText_canvas = null;
var x = 0, y =0;
window.add
window.onload = function() {
var canvas = document.getElementById(\"event_canvas\");
console.log(canvas.parentNode.clientWidth);
canvas.width = canvas.parentNode.clientWidth;
canvas.height = canvas.parentNode.clientHeight;
if (!canvas.getContext) {
console.log(\"Canvas not supported. Please install a HTML5 compatible browser.\");
return;
}
// get 2D context of canvas and draw rectangel
tempContext = canvas.getContext(\"2d\");
tempContext.fillStyle=\"blue\";
x = canvas.width/2;
y = canvas.height/2;
tempContext.fillRect(x, y, 80, 40);
// key event - use DOM element as object
canvas.addEventListener(\'keydown\', doKeyDown, true);
canvas.focus();
// key event - use window as object
window.addEventListener(\'keydown\', doKeyDown, true);
// mouse event
canvas.addEventListener(\"mousedown\", doMouseDown, false);
canvas.addEventListener(\'mousemove\', doMouseMove, false);
canvas.addEventListener(\'mouseup\', doMouseUp, false);
}
function getPointOnCanvas(canvas, x, y) {
var bbox = canvas.getBoundingClientRect();
return { x: x - bbox.left * (canvas.width / bbox.width),
y: y - bbox.top * (canvas.height / bbox.height)
};
}
function doKeyDown(e) {
var keyID = e.keyCode ? e.keyCode :e.which;
if(keyID === 38 || keyID === 87) { // up arrow and W
clearCanvas();
y = y - 10;
tempContext.fillRect(x, y, 80, 40);
e.preventDefault();
}
if(keyID === 39 || keyID === 68) { // right arrow and D
clearCanvas();
x = x + 10;
tempContext.fillRect(x, y, 80, 40);
e.preventDefault();
}
if(keyID === 40 || keyID === 83) { // down arrow and S
clearCanvas();
y = y + 10;
tempContext.fillRect(x, y, 80, 40);
e.preventDefault();
}
if(keyID === 37 || keyID === 65) { // left arrow and A
clearCanvas();
x = x - 10;
tempContext.fillRect(x, y, 80, 40);
e.preventDefault();
}
}
function clearCanvas() {
tempContext.clearRect(0, 0, 500, 500)
}
function doMouseDown(event) {
var x = event.pageX;
var y = event.pageY;
var canvas = event.target;
var loc = getPointOnCanvas(canvas, x, y);
console.log(\"mouse down at point( x:\" + loc.x + \", y:\" + loc.y + \")\");
tempContext.beginPath();
tempContext.moveTo(loc.x, loc.y);
started = true;
}
function doMouseMove(event) {
var x = event.pageX;
var y = event.pageY;
var canvas = event.target;
var loc = getPointOnCanvas(canvas, x, y);
if (started) {
tempContext.lineTo(loc.x, loc.y);
tempContext.stroke();
}
}
function doMouseUp(event) {
console.log(\"mouse up now\");
if (started) {
doMouseMove(event);
started = false;
}
}


HTML部分：

复制代码
代码如下:

<body>
<h1>HTML Canvas Event Demo - By Gloomy Fish</h1>
<pre>Press W, A, S, D keys to move</pre>
<div id=\"my_painter\">
<canvas id=\"event_canvas\" tabindex=\"0\"></canvas>
</div>
</body>

本文地址：https://www.stayed.cn/item/20092

转载请注明出处。

本站部分内容来源于网络,如侵犯到您的权益,请 联系我

我的博客

人生若只如初见，何事秋风悲画扇。

我的标签

随笔档案