MySQL异常处理浅析

前端技术 2023/09/06 MYSQL

MySQL的异常处理分析如下：

标准格式

DECLARE handler_type HANDLER FOR condition_value[,...] statement
handler_type:
  CONTINUE
 | EXIT
 | UNDO --这个暂时不支持
condition_value:
  SQLSTATE [VALUE] sqlstate_value
 | condition_name
 | SQLWARNING
 | NOT FOUND
 | SQLEXCEPTION
 | mysql_error_code
condition_value细节

1、常用MYSQL ERROR CODE 列表

http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.0/en/error-messages-server.html
更多错误列表见MySQL安装路径下
比如我的/usr/local/mysql/share/mysql/errmsg.txt
说明一下：SQLSTATE [VALUE] sqlstate_value这种格式是专门为ANSI SQL 和 ODBC以及其他的标准.
并不是所有的MySQL ERROR CODE 都映射到SQLSTATE。

2、如果你不想插ERROR CODE的话，就用速记条件来代替

SQLWARNING 代表所有以01开头的错误代码
NOT FOUND 代表所有以02开头的错误代码，当然也可以代表一个游标到达数据集的末尾。
SQLEXCEPTION 代表除了SQLWARNING和NOT FOUND 的所有错误代码

3、我们现在就用手册上的例子

CREATE TABLE t (s1 int,primary key (s1));
mysql> use t_girl
Database changed
mysql> CREATE TABLE t (s1 int,primary key (s1));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> 
mysql> 
mysql> DELIMITER ||
mysql> CREATE PROCEDURE handlerdemo ()
  -> BEGIN
  -> DECLARE EXIT HANDLER FOR SQLSTATE \'23000\' BEGIN END; -- 遇到重复键值就退出
  -> SET @x = 1;
  -> INSERT INTO t VALUES (1);
  -> SET @x = 2;
  -> INSERT INTO t VALUES (1);
  -> SET @x = 3;
  -> END||
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> DELIMITER ;
mysql> call handlerdemo();
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select @x;
+------+
| @x |
+------+
| 2 | 
+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> call handlerdemo();
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select @x;
+------+
| @x |
+------+
| 1 | 
+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>

现在来看一下遇到错误继续的情况

mysql> truncate table t;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> DELIMITER $$
mysql> DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS `t_girl`.`handlerdemo`$$
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> CREATE DEFINER=`root`@`localhost` PROCEDURE `handlerdemo`()
  -> BEGIN
  -> DECLARE CONTINUE HANDLER FOR SQLSTATE \'23000\' BEGIN END;
  -> SET @x = 1;
  -> INSERT INTO t VALUES (1);
  -> SET @x = 2;
  -> INSERT INTO t VALUES (1);
  -> SET @x = 3;
  -> END$$
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> DELIMITER ;
mysql> call handlerdemo();
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select @x;
+------+
| @x |
+------+
| 3 | 
+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> call handlerdemo();
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select @x;
+------+
| @x |
+------+
| 3 | 
+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>

可以看到，始终执行到最后。
当然，上面的SQLSTATE \'23000\'可以替换为1062
我们来看一下警告。

mysql> alter table t add s2 int not null;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0

此列没有默认值，插入的时候会出现警告或者1364错误提示。

mysql> DELIMITER $$
mysql> DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS `t_girl`.`handlerdemo`$$
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> CREATE DEFINER=`root`@`localhost` PROCEDURE `handlerdemo`()
  -> BEGIN
  -> DECLARE CONTINUE HANDLER FOR 1062 BEGIN END;
  -> DECLARE CONTINUE HANDLER FOR SQLWARNING
  -> BEGIN
  -> update t set s2 = 2;
  -> END;
  -> DECLARE CONTINUE HANDLER FOR 1364
  -> BEGIN
  -> INSERT INTO t(s1,s2) VALUES (1,3);
  -> END; 
  -> SET @x = 1;
  -> INSERT INTO t(s1) VALUES (1);
  -> SET @x = 2;
  -> INSERT INTO t(s1) VALUES (1);
  -> SET @x = 3;
  -> END$$
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> DELIMITER ;
mysql> call handlerdemo();
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from t;
+----+----+
| s1 | s2 |
+----+----+
| 1 | 3 | 
+----+----+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

遇到错误的时候插入的新记录。

mysql> select @x;
+------+
| @x |
+------+
| 3 | 
+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

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